Writing a Japanese Resume: A Comprehensive Guide

Applying for a job means writing a resume tailored specifically for the position. Japan as a country and society has many unique aspects, and writing a Japanese resume is one of them.

Though there are two major hiring seasons, early spring and late summer, it’s never too late to start perfecting your resume.

In Japan, a resume is referred to as a ​rirekishou (履歴書). It means background information, and it’s a formal document with a strict structure that can sometimes be very different than western resumes.

Being aware of the different fundamental expectations of a ​rirekishou​ can be the difference between an unsuccessful application and an invitation to a job interview.

The Basics

Rirekishou​ (Japanese resume template) can be purchased at convenience stores and stationery shops for less than 300 yen for a set of 3, including A4-sized white envelopes.

Templates can also be downloaded for free ​here​.

There’s an unspoken rule that a ​rirekishou​ must be handwritten by hand with black or blue ink, with no use of correction tape. If any mistakes are made, the form must be re-written again. For those that cannot speak or write Japanese yet, this can be the most challenging and frustrating part of the process as many Japanese companies place importance on a handwritten resume. However, due to increased applications from foreign residents and exchange students, hiring boards have become more open to accepting ​rirekishou​ that have been typed on a computer.

Whether you handwrite your resume or type it out on a word processor, each section of the ​rirekishou has specific rules on how it should be filled out.

This comprehensive guide will take you to step by step in creating a Japanese resume that will impress future employers!

Personal Information

The first section of any ​rirekishou​ will require you to fill in details such as your name, birth date, age, gender, residential address, email added, and phone number.

It’s pretty straightforward, but there are a few things to keep in mind, such as:

• Name – In Japanese, the surname comes first, then the first name follows. Unless you have a Japanese name written in Kanji, use katakana. If you’re unsure how to write your name in katakana, you can use this English-to-Japanese name converter​ to help you out.
• Dates – All dates should be written using the Japanese ​nengo​ calendar. Simply put, the nengo calendar is the name of the era named after the current Japanese emperor of that time. You can use this ​converter​ to check what your birthdate is in Japanese. Another thing to note is that Japanese dates are written opposite Western countries – Year, Month, and Day.
• Address – Often, there are two lines for writing an address, ​現住所​ (current address) and​ ​連絡先​ ​(additional contact address). The order of how addresses are written in Japanese differs entirely from how they are written in Western countries. Whether the address is Japanese or foreign, they should all have readings written above or in the space provided in hiragana or katakana. Addresses should be written in the following order: Post Code, Prefecture, Ward/City, Town, OO Choume, OO Ban, OO Go If you’re applying with a foreign residential address, think largest to smallest when writing out your address. For example, the address to Disneyland Park in Florida would be as follows: USA, CA 92802, Anaheim, 1313 Disneyland Drive.
• Phone Number – For those applicants who don’t have a Japanese phone number, you can purchase a fixed-line number on Skype as an alternative option.

Photo ​写真

In the top right section of a Japanese resume, there is always a blank square reserved for a photo. Attaching a photo to a Japanese CV is not a common practice abroad. In fact, in countries such as Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S, it’s often frowned upon as it can result in discrimination based on gender, skin color, appearance, etc. However, attaching a professional headshot is a compulsory part of a ​rirekishou​.

This will be the first time hiring managers will be seeing you before the interview, so put your best foot forward and make a positive first impression by dressing conservatively as if attending a job interview. Men typically wear a dark-colored suit and a tie with tidy hair. Women should ensure their make-up is natural-looking, and those with long hair should have it tied up. The headshot should be a passport-sized photo taken with a clear background.

There are photo booths throughout Japan that specialize in taking photos of just the right size for Japanese resumes and passports for less than 700 yen. Much like the ​purikura booths, they can remove any redness or blemishes on your skin and will print out a set of photos within a few minutes.

Academic Record ​学歴

Most ​rirekishou​ templates will have two separate sections for the academic and work history (​学 歴​ and 職歴​).

Some templates will combine the sections; in that case, start by writing​ 学歴​ in the top center line. Immediately below the header, you can begin writing your academic information in chronological order, from oldest to most recent. resume writing compared

It’s common to start with your high school graduation date, but if you have an extensive academic history (master’s, doctorate, second degree, etc.), you can omit it. Each school should have two lines dedicated to it, the first showing the date of enrollment and the second for graduation. Write down the country and school name. If applicable, you can also add the program title and level.

To list a graduation thesis, you should insert it ​between the enrollment and graduation lines. If necessary, a line can be inserted between the enrollment and graduation lines to list majors and minors. For tertiary education, make sure also to write down the faculty and department.

The format to use will look something like this:
学校名、学部、(学科)入学・卒業 (国)

Take note of how the date is written. In contrast to countries such as the USA, UK, Australia, etc., the date is recorded in reverse chronological order -Year, Month. The year can be written either using the Japanese ​nengo​ system or the Gregorian calendar. Try to stick with one system throughout your resume.

At the end of this section, on the right side of the following line, don’t forget to write ​以上 (end of entry).

Here’s an example of​ the education background 学歴​ ​section:

Employment History ​職歴

Again if the academic record and employment history sections are combined, leave one line empty after the academic record entries and write ​職歴​ ​in the middle of the following line. Similar to the previous section, your employment history should also be written chronologically from oldest to newest positions. Do not include part-time jobs in this section.

Two lines should be dedicated per job, one for when you started the position and one for when you left the company. It would be best to write a concise description of your previous roles. You don’t need to elaborate on the duties and responsibilities of your previous jobs, as they are often discussed during the interview stage. However, it’s essential to state the reasons for leaving a previous position.

Here are three practical and commonly used expressions for explaining them:

1. 一身上の都合により退職 (left for personal reasons)
2. 契約期間満了につき退社 (contract ended)
3. 会社都合により退社 (left for company reasons)

But if you are still currently working at that company, write​ 現在に至る​. If you have no work experience, you can write​ 無し​. Unlike most English-speaking countries abroad, having no experience can be a disadvantage, but traditional Japanese companies tend to favor those applicants without any previous experience. This makes it easier for the company to train potential employees in its ways and culture. Grad students and entry-level applicants can use this section to demonstrate any relevant internships or voluntary activities they have been involved in which may benefit the open position. There’s no need to write a reason for leaving or quitting such programs.

To end this section, write ​以上​ (end of entry) on the following line.

Here’s an example of ​the employment history 職歴​ ​section:

Tips

Be sure to use the company’s official name and not its commercial name. If you are unsure, you can check it out on the company website or Wikipedia if it’s a well-known company.

Be prepared to answer any questions regarding why you left any previous position during the interview stage. Regardless of your reasons, do not badmouth previous employers. Japanese companies will not see this in a favorable light.

Qualifications and Licenses​ 免許・資格

This section lists any qualifications, licenses, or certificates you have accumulated in your professional career. It’s recommended to mention only those that are relevant and practical to the position you’re applying for. Foreign applicants can take advantage of this section by mentioning their JLPT certification, Kanji Kanken level, or Japanese driving license.

Japanese companies will be impressed by the effort the applicant has put into their education to improve their career.

The only exception is that your university degree should not be listed here.

Reason for application ​志望動機

This is the most critical part of the ​rirekishou​ and can make or break your application. In this section, there’s more room for creativity and showing your personal interests and special skills.

To make the best impression on the hiring manager, keep these three main points in mind while writing your reasons for applying for the position.

1. Be sure to add details specific to the position you are applying for, connecting them to your strengths, experiences, and accomplishments.
2. Express how your career has developed over time and where you hope to take it. Recruiters are interested in applicants that will stay with the company and fully engage in company projects and goals.
3. Try to talk about the characteristics of the company and how you would fit in well within the company. You can find out more about the company by looking at the job description or the company website.

Tips

When writing your reasons for applying, try to be aware of how you come off to the hiring manager. If you mention wanting to gain specific skills at the company, it can give off the impression that you’re simply using the company as a step-up for your career.

Traditional Japanese companies with long histories, in particular, do not like it when their employees use them as a stepping stone for a better position offered in another company. These companies prefer to hire employees who will stay working for them for the rest of their natural lives.

If you’re applying for a specific position, look closely at the information provided about the job opening. They will often mention what makes the ideal candidate.

You should try to include these qualities in your application to stand out amongst a sea of applicants.

Requests and Miscellaneous Information

There are various Japanese resume templates, some emphasizing skills or work history, but all will include a custom section where you can indicate any of the following:

Commuting Time ​通勤時間

In this section, you can fill in your maximum desired commuting time. Keep in mind that in urban centers like Tokyo, Nagoya, and Osaka, it’s common to have an hour’s commute from home to the office.

Marital Status​ 配偶者

If you’re uncomfortable offering this information, it’s acceptable to leave it blank as it’s not necessary.

Number of Dependents ​扶養者

If you have a spouse (配偶者) or a partner you need to support (配偶者の扶養義務), you can mention them here.

Expectations/Requests​ 本人希望記入欄

The final section of a ​rirekishou​ is another personalized section where you can state your expectations of the new role. Applicants can throw in a ballpark of what they hope to earn salary-wise, working hours, position, office location (if various offices are available), etc.

It’s recommended to at least write something in this section. You can at least write ​勤務条件は貴社の 規定に従います​ ​which means you are willing to negotiate or accept the conditions offered by the company during the interview stage. Leaving it blank can display a lack of interest in the position and company.

To Conclude about Japanese Resume

After filling out your ​rireskisou, ​ place it in an A4 or B5 white envelope. The form should ​not​ be folded!

Other Notes

If you’re sending in your resume by email, it’s best to convert it to a PDF file. This will ensure that the format stays clean. You can change a Word document to PDF easily. Simply select “Save As” and choose PDF for the file type below the document name.

Suppose you choose to handwrite your Japanese resume and double-check for errors. If there are any, ​do not​ use correction fluid, tape, or cross the mistake out. This will not only look sloppy but also give off the impression that you don’t care about the job and company you’re applying to!

If you’re applying to a foreign or international company with a base in Japan, sending in both a Japanese-style and a Western-style resume is recommended. ​ Sending in two styles shows your dedication and interest in the open position and understanding of the Japanese working culture. American hiring managers are known to skip over applicants that only send in a ​rirekishou.